引用本文:
DOI:
【打印本页】   【HTML】   【下载PDF全文】   查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器   关闭   
过刊浏览    高级检索
本文已被:浏览 48次   下载 0  
分享到: 微信 更多
县域尺度种养模式绿色转型的氮素优化管理途径 ——以唐县为例
张晓萌1, 马文奇1, 樊相文2, 马林2, 柏兆海2, 张忠义3, 郝立岩3, 韩鹏3, 许春3, 侯兴军4, 王学平4
1.河北农业大学;2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心;3.河北省农业技术推广总站;4.唐县农业技术推广中心
摘要:  农牧业种养分离是阻碍农牧生产与环境友好的主要障碍因素,优化农牧系统养分管理是实现农业绿色发展的主要途径。现阶段农牧业研究多集中于大尺度与单一目标,而针对县域不同环境特点的多目标养分优化管理的研究相对缺乏。本研究以河北省唐县为例,利用多目标环境分区的方法,通过农户调研、文献汇总与统计数据,利用食物链养分流动模型(NUFER),解析了唐县当前种养模式的环境排放特征,基于情景分析探究了绿色转型需求下县域种养模式的氮素优化管理途径。结果表明:1)唐县种养系统整体氮素养分总投入高达28.72Gg,其中畜禽粪尿氮投入为17.55Gg,高氮投入使其环境排放严重超出安全阈值。2)唐县畜禽粪污资源量及氮素环境排放量存在明显的空间异质性,氨挥发、氮盈余量高的区域主要集中在养殖量大的乡镇。3)针对不同区域实行“三步走”氮素优化策略,即,首先采用平衡施肥方式,可使氨挥发、氮盈余超阈值乡镇数量分别降至45%、35%;其次叠加不同减排技术后,两个指标超出阈值的乡镇数量分别降至30%、20%;最后利用空间布局方法优化,最终使全县氨挥发全部降至安全阈值内,氮盈余超出阈值乡镇数量仅剩20%。因此,通过县域氮素养分分区优化管理,可高效低成本解决农牧生产及环境排放之间的矛盾,促进县域种养模式的绿色转型。
关键词:  种养模式  环境排放  氮素管理  分区养分调控
中图分类号:S19
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目
Optimal nitrogen management approach for green transformation of county-level crop-livestock mode——a case study of Tangxian
ZhangXiaomeng1, MaWenqi1, FanXiangwen2, MaLin2, BaiZhaohai2, ZhangZhongyi3, HaoLiyan3, HanPeng3, XuChun3, HouXingjun4, WangXueping4
1.Hebei Agricultural University;2.Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;3.Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station;4.Tang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center
Abstract:  The separation of crop and livestock is the main obstacle to the environment-friendly production of agriculture. At present, the research of agriculture mainly focuses on large-scale and single objective, while the research of multi-objective nutrient optimization management aiming at different environmental characteristics in county level is relatively lacking. Taking Tangxian, Hebei Province as an example, this study used the method of multi-objective environmentalzoning, collected relevant literature, farmer survey, and statistical data, and then used the Nutrient Flow in Food Chain (NUFER) to analyze the current environmental emission characteristics of the crop-livestock mode in Tangxian, and explore the pathways of nitrogen optimization management under the green transformation of county-level crop-livestock mode. The results show that: 1) The total nitrogent input was as high as 28.72Gg, in which the manure and urine resources of livestock and poultry were relatively abundant, reaching 17.55Gg, but the environmental emission exceeded the threshold value seriouslyin Tangxian 2) There are significant regional differences in the livestock and poultry manure resources and environmental emissions in Tangxian which mainly concentrated in towns with high numbers of livestock and poultry. By multi-objective environmental zoning, Tangxian is divided into the low ammonia and high residual overloaded in the middle, the high ammonia and high residual non-overloaded in the north and east, and the high ammonia and high residual overloaded in the southwest. 3) The three-step nitrogen optimization strategy was implemented in different regions of Tangxian County to achieve environment-friendly emission. Firstly, the balanced fertilization method was adopted, which could reduce the number of towns exceeding the threshold of ammonia volatilization and nitrogen residual can be reduced to 45% and 35% respectively. Secondly, after adding different emission reduction technologies, the number of towns exceeding the threshold value of the two indicators decreased to 30% and 20% respectively. Finally, the ammonia emission of the whole county can be reduced to the safety threshold by using the optimization of spatial distribution method, and only 20% of towns with the excess nitrogen residual exceed the threshold is left. The contradiction between agricultural and animal husbandry production and environmental emissions can be solved efficiently and at low cost through the optimal management of county nitrogen nutrient zoning, and the green transformation of county cultivation mode can be promoted.
Keyword:  Crop-livestock mode  Environmental emission  Nitrogen management  Zonal nutrient regulation
您是第 6828154 位访问者  冀ICP备05003362号-2
版权所有 ©《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》编辑部
地址:河北省石家庄市裕华区槐中路286号 050022 电话:0311-85818007 E-mail:editor@sjziam.ac.cn
技术支持:北京勤云科技发展有限公司