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| 气候变暖对稻米品质的影响与杂交组合及其亲本的关系 |
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徐富贤1, 周兴兵1, 张 林1, 蒋 鹏1, 刘 茂1, 朱永川1, 熊 洪1, 刘运军2, 徐麟3, 郭晓艺1
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1.四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所（四川省农业科学院德阳分院）;2.泸州市农业农村局;3.宜宾市翠屏区农业农村局
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| 摘要: 探明气候、杂交组合及亲本对稻米品质的互作效应，可为进一步优化水稻品质改良策略和提升水稻防灾减灾能力提供科学依据。本文于2021年和2022年以3个不育系和5个恢复系配制的15个杂交组合为试验材料, 在早季常温和晚季高温2种生态条件下进行裂区试验, 研究了杂交组合及其亲本对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，年度间8项稻米品质的差异均达极显著水平(F值10.82**~6723.28**)。2021年的长宽比、垩白度、蛋白质、直链淀粉、胶稠度、精米率、整精米率分别比2022年度提高8.41%、99.36%、13.76%、2.54%、125.12%、11.92%和144.00%, 而垩白粒率比2022年低60.08%。种植季节对稻米品质的影响, 晚季的长宽比、蛋白质、整精米率分别比早季显著提高3.96%、7.34%、14.08%, 而晚季垩白粒率、胶稠度、精米率则分别比早季显著下降18.25%、5.50%、1.88% (F值18.74**~68.38**), 垩白度、直链淀粉在两个季节间差异不显著。不同不育系和不同恢复系分别配制的杂交组合间的各项品质指标差异均达显著水平(F值3.01*~69.32**), 3个不育系配制的杂交组合中‘椰香A’的综合品质相对较好, 5个恢复系配制的杂交组合中‘泸恢127’‘泸恢276’的综合品质相对较好。双亲对长宽比、垩白度、垩白粒率、蛋白质、直链淀粉的特殊配合力方差较高(52.07%~92.39%), 对胶稠度、精米率、整精米率的一般配合力方差较高(73.90%~86.20%), 8项品质指标的广义遗传力均较高(48.29%~98.01%)。早季与晚季间长宽比、垩白粒率、蛋白质、胶稠度、精米率、整精米率差异达显著或极显著水平(成对数据t检验值1.98*~8.70**), 且早季与晚季间呈极显著正相关(r值0.6070**~0.9672**), 垩白度虽然在早季与晚季间差异不显著, 但两季间仍呈极显著正相关(r值0.7614**)。综上, 未来杂交水稻优质育种策略是，选择垩白度低, 胶稠度、整精米率和垩白粒率高的恢复系, 与长宽比大、垩白度和垩白粒率低、蛋白质8%左右和直链淀粉16%~18%的不育系杂交, 从杂交后代中选择优质杂交稻品种。 |
| 关键词: 气候变暖 杂交水稻 稻米品质 杂交亲本 育种策略 |
| 中图分类号:S3 |
| 基金项目:四川省财政自主创新专项（2022ZZCX072）、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-01）、四川省科技计划项目(2021JDRC0031)和四川省酿酒专用粮工程技术研究中心开放基金项目（2021-02）资助 |
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| Effects of climate warming on rice quality in relation to hybrid combinations and their parents |
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Xu fuxian1, Zhou xingbin1, zhang lin1, Jiang peng1, Liu mao1, Zhu yongchuan1, Xiong hong1, Liu yunjun2, Xu lin3, Guo xiaoyi1
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1.Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Deyang Branch of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences);2.Luzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau;3.Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Cuiping District
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| Abstract: The study of the interaction effect of climate, hybrid combination and parents on rice quality can provide scientific basis for further optimizing rice quality improvement strategy and improving rice disaster prevention and mitigation ability. In 2021 and 2022, 15 hybrid combinations prepared by 3 sterile lines and 5 restorer lines were used as experimental materials under two ecological conditions: normal temperature in early season and high temperature in late season, the response of rice quality to hybrid combinations and their parents was studied. The results showed that the differences of the eight rice qualities were all very significant(F value 10.82**~6723.28**). The ratio of length to width, chalkiness, protein, amylose, gel consistency, milled rice rate and head rice rate in 2021 were 8.41%, 99.36%, 13.76%, 2.54%, 125.12%, 11.92% and 144.00% higher than those in 2022, respectively, while the chalkiness grain rate was 60.08% lower than that in 2022. The ratio of length to width, protein and head rice rate in late season were significantly increased by 3.96%, 7.34% and 14.08% compared with early season, respectively. The chalkiness grain rate, gel consistency and milled rice rate in late season were significantly decreased by 18.25%, 5.50% and 1.88% (F value 18.74**~68.38**) compared with that in early season, respectively, while chalkiness and amylose had no significant difference between two seasons. The quality indexes of the hybrid combinations prepared by different sterile lines and different restorer lines were significantly different (F value 3.01*~69.32**). The comprehensive quality of "Coconut A" in the hybrid combinations prepared by 3 sterile lines was relatively good. The comprehensive quality of "Luhui 127" and "Luhui 276" in the hybrid combination of 5 restorer lines was relatively good. The variance of special combining ability of parents for length to width ratio, chalkiness, chalkiness grain rate, protein and amylose was higher (52.07%~92.39%), and the variance of general combining ability for gel consistency, milled rice rate and head rice rate was higher (73.90%~86.20%). The generalized heritability of 8 quality indexes was high (48.29%~98.01%). There were significant or extremely significant differences in the ratio of length to width,chalkiness grain rate, protein, gel consistency, milled rice rate and head rice rate between early season and late season (T-test value of paired data 1.98*~8.70**), and there was a very significant positive correlation between early season and late season (r value 0.6070**~0.9672**). Although there was no significant difference in chalkiness between early and late seasons, there was a very significant positive correlation between the two seasons (r value 0.7614**). To sum up, the future breeding strategy for hybrid rice quality is to select restorer lines with low chalkiness, high gel consistency, head rice rate and chalkiness grain rate, cross them with sterility lines with large length to width ratio, low chalkiness and chalkiness grain rate, about 8% protein and 16%~18% amylose, and select high-quality hybrid rice varieties from the hybrid offspring. |
| Keyword: Climate warming Hybrid rice Rice quality Hybrid parents Breeding strategy |
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