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| 高温胁迫对玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系光合特性、保护酶活性和产量的影响* |
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徐田军, 吕天放, 张勇, 刘宏伟, 刘月娥, 蔡万涛, 张如养, 宋伟, 邢锦丰, 赵久然, 王荣焕
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北京市农林科学院玉米研究所/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室
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| 摘要: 研究并明确高温胁迫对玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系合特性、保护酶活性和产量的影响,以期为耐高温玉米品种选育和推广提供理论依据。以京农科728、MC812、先玉335和郑单958及其亲本自交系为试验材料,花期前后进行高温胁迫处理(大喇叭口期-吐丝后7 d),研究高温胁迫对不同基因型玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系叶绿素相对含量、光合特性、Fv/Fm、保护酶活性、产量及其产量构成要素的影响。结果表明：(1)与对照相比,花期前后高温胁迫下不同杂交种及其亲本自交系的叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和Fv/Fm均呈降低趋势,杂交种以京农科728降幅最小,其次是MC812,先玉335降幅最大；亲本自交系以京2416降幅最小、PH6WC降幅最大。胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率则均呈升高趋势,杂交种以京农科728增幅最小,其次是MC812,先玉335增幅最大；亲本自交系以京2416增幅最小、PH6WC增幅最大。(2)花期前后高温胁迫导致玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系的穗位叶PEPCase和RuBPCase活性降低,京农科728和MC812降幅显著小于先玉335,亲本自交系中京2416降幅最小、PH6WC降幅最大。(3)花期前后高温胁迫下玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系的穗位叶CAT和SOD活性均呈降低趋势,京农科728、MC812和郑单958的叶片CAT和SOD活性降幅显著低于先玉335,亲本自交系中京2416降幅最小、PH6WC降幅最大。(4)花期前后高温胁迫显著降低了玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系的穗长、穗行数和行粒数,进而导致产量显著下降。杂交种京农科728、MC812、先玉335和郑单958产量分别降低了3.17%、5.00%、50.61%和9.50%；亲本自交系中,京2416的穗行数、行粒数和产量降幅最小,而PH6WC降幅最大。由此可见,花期前后高温胁迫下京农科728、MC812及其父本自交京2416比先玉335及其亲本自交系具有较高的叶绿素相对含量、光合能力和保护酶活性,产量受高温影响较小,具有较好的耐热性。 |
| 关键词: 高温胁迫 光合特性 保护酶活性 产量 |
| 中图分类号:S106 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题任务（2021YFD1200701-8）、北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202236) |
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| Effects of High Temperature on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Protective Enzyme Activity and Yield of Maize Hybrids and Their Parental Inbred Lines |
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XU Tianjun, LV Tianfang, ZHANG Yong, LIU Hongwei, LIU Yuee, CAI Wantao, ZHANG Ruyang, SONG Wei, XING Jinfeng, ZHAO Jiuran, WANG Ronghuan
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Maize Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing,China
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| Abstract: Effects of high temperature stress on maize photosynthetic characteristics, protective enzyme activity and yield were studied to provide reference and guidance for the breeding and promotion of high temperature tolerant maize hybirds. Jingnongke728, MC812, Xianyu335, Zhengdan958 and their parental inbred lines were used, high temperature treatments from V13 stage to 7 days after silking were conducted, and the effects of high temperature stress on the relative content of chlorophyll, photosynthetic characteristics, Fv/Fm, photosynthetic enzyme activity, yield and yield components were studied. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, the relative content of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm of the ear-leaf for maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines decreased under high temperature stress. The decrease of Jingnongke728 was the least, then followed by MC812, and Xianyu335 decreased markedly among hybrids; and Jing2416 decreased slightly, while PH6WC decreased significantly. The intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of ear-leaf increased, and the increase of Jingnongke728 was the least, then followed by MC812, and Xianyu335 increased markedly among hybrids; that of Jing2416 was the least, while PH6WC was the largest. (2) PEPCase and RuBPcase activities of the ear-leaf for maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines decreased under high temperature stress. The decrease of Jingnongke728 and MC812 was lower than that of Xianyu335, and that of Jing2416 was the least, while PH6WC was the largest. (3) CAT and SOD activities of the ear-leaf for maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines decreased under high temperature stress. The decrease of Jingnongke728, MC812 and Zhengdan958 was lower than that of Xianyu335, and that of Jing2416 was the least, while PH6WC was the largest. (4) The ear length, rows per ear and grains per row for maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines decreased under high temperature stress and then resulted the yield decreased. The yield of Jingnongke728, MC812, Xianyu335 and Zhengdan958 decreased by 3.17%, 5.00%, 50.61% and 9.50% respectively, the decrease of rows per panicle, grains per row and yield of Jing2416 was the least, while PH6WC was the largest. Thus, Jingnongke728, MC812 and their male parent inbred Jing2416 had higher chlorophyll relative content, photosynthetic capacity and protective enzyme activity than those of Xianyu335 and its parental inbred lines, and then had higher yield and better high temperature tolerance. |
| Keyword: High temperature stress Photosynthetic characteristics Protective enzyme activity Yield |
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