| 摘要: 探究施钾对夏玉米产量、养分积累动态及光温生理特性影响效应, 确定适宜钾肥用量, 为夏玉米科学施钾提供参考依据。2021-2022年在河南省温县开展钾肥用量田间试验, 以‘隆玉369’为试验材料, 研究0 (K0)、40 (K40)、80 (K80)、120 (K120)和160 (K160) kg·hm2 5个钾(K2O)肥用量对夏玉米株高、叶面积、叶片SPAD值、冠层光合有效辐射、冠层温度和抗氧化酶活性等理化指标及钾素利用效率的影响。结果表明: 2021和2022年施钾处理分别增产4.9%~6.6%和7.4%~9.6%, 且产量增幅随钾肥用量增加呈“先升高后趋于稳定”趋势, 经济最佳施钾量分别为80和87 kg·hm2。施钾可提升夏玉米株高、叶面积和叶片SPAD值, 促进夏玉米生长发育和干物质积累。Logistic方程拟合表明, 钾素吸收总量与最大积累速率以K80和K120最佳, 分别较不施钾提高22.5%、28.3%和29.2%、37.5%, 此外, 最大速率出现时间还可缩短3~4 d。进一步研究表明, 施钾(K2O)量为80~120 kg·hm2可有效增强夏玉米群体光合有效辐射分量, 降低冠层温度, 提升超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。综上所述, 施钾可提高夏玉米产量, 促进夏玉米生长发育和钾素吸收利用, 增强各生育期光温生理特性和抗氧化酶活性, 豫北夏玉米适宜施钾量为80～120 kg·hm2。 |
| 关键词: 夏玉米 施钾量 产量 钾素吸收利用 光温生理特性 |
| 中图分类号:S513 |
| 基金项目:国家“十四五”重点研发计划子课题“豫北平原粮田多因子障碍分区特征与消减途径”（2021YFD1901001-08）和河南省科技攻关项目（232102111119） |
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| Effects of potassium application on yield, potassium accumulation dynamics and light-temperature physiological characteristics of summer maize |
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zhangxiao, LI Lantao, Geng Sainan, YANG Qirui, MIAO Yuhong, WANG Yilun
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College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University
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| Abstract: To explore the effects of potassium application rates on the yield, dynamics of nutrient accumulation photosynthetic and thermal physiology characteristics of summer maize, identify the optimal potassium rates and thus to provide a reference for scientific application of potassium in summer maize. Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2021-2022) in Wen County, Henan Province, China. 'Longyu 369' was adopted as the test material. The detailed potassium fertilization treatments (K2O) in the two growing seasons were as follows: 0 (K0), 40 (K40), 80 (K80), 120 (K120), and 160 (K160) kg·hm2. The plant height, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, photosynthetically active radiation, canopy temperature, antioxidant enzyme activity and potassium utilization efficiency of summer maize were determined and analyzed. Results showed that application of potassium fertilizer significantly increased the yield of summer maize. Compared with the K0, the yield increased by 4.9%~6.6% and 7.4%~9.6% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, and the optimal economic potassium rates were 80 and 87 kg·hm2, respectively. Moreover, potassium application significantly increased the plant height, leaf area and leaf SPAD value of summer maize. Logistic equation fitting showed that the optimal treatment for the total amount of potassium absorption and the maximum accumulation rate were K80 and K120. Compared with K0, the average increase rate was 22.5%, 28.3% and 29.2%, 37.5%, respectively. Additionally, the time of maximum rate occurrence could also be shortened by 3-4 days. The research also showed that suitable potassium application rates at 80-120 kg·hm2 could effectively enhance the photosynthetically active radiation fraction, reduce canopy temperature and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Therefore, reasonable potassium application could significantly increase the yield, promote the growth and potassium absorption utilization, enhance the photosynthetic and thermal physiological and antioxidant enzyme activity characteristics for summer maize, the recommended potassium rates based on the experiments are between 80-120 kg·hm2. |
| Keyword: Summer maize Potassium application rate Yield Potassium absorption and utilization Light and temperature physiological characteristics |