| 摘要: 植物多样性是乡村生态振兴和可持续发展的基石, 研究乡村植物多样性特征及其影响因素对维持、提升乡村生物多样性具有重要理论和实践意义。本研究通过野外调查, 解析闽西生态保护型乡村常口村植物种类组成和群落类型, 阐明自然因素和人为活动因素对乡村植物群落组成的影响。结果发现: 1)共调查到578种植物物种, 隶属130科378属, 其中野生植物物种396种, 农业栽培物种53个, 表现出高度的植物多样性; 外来入侵植物有17种, 以菊科为主, 尚未对乡村生态环境构成威胁。2)共发现106个群系, 其中自然植被52个群系, 农业植被25个、绿地植被29个, 群系类型具有地域代表性; 自然与半自然植被以森林为主, 农业和绿地植被面积很小, 绿地植被以为樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)+桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)配置为主, 其种类组成主要为亚热带乡村常见的绿化树种。3)整体上乡村不同地点的物种组成差异与彼此间综合环境因子差异显著正相关, 其中自然与半自然植被的物种组成主要受自然因素的制约, 绿地植被的物种组成差异随人为活动因素(距道路距离和距居民点距离)的加大而显著增加。结果表明, 生态保护型乡村是植物多样性的重要保留地, 具有重要的维护价值; 乡村不同空间的植物种类组成及其群落类型截然不同, 海拔在其中扮演着关键作用。研究结果突出了将生态保护型乡村纳入生物多样性保护管理的必要性, 强调了乡村植物多样性的分区管理和构建生境网络等多种维护提升策略, 为我国其他地区乡村振兴过程中植物多样性维护提供了有益的示范与借鉴。 |
| 关键词: 乡村景观 物种组成 植物群落 植物多样性 生态保护型乡村 |
| 中图分类号:Q948 |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| Characteristics and maintenance strategies of plant diversity in an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian |
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Ge Jielin1, Xiong Gaoming1, Xu Wenting1, Mao Jiangtao1, Qin Xiaoqiong2, Ma Boyu1, Xu Kai1, Gao Luxin1, Li Jiaxiang3, Wu Yuanshuai3, Xie Zongqiang1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Qiyue Mountain Forest Farm, Fengdu County;3.Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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| Abstract: Plant diversity plays a fundamental role in rural ecological revitalization and sustainable development. Studying the characteristics and influencing factors of rural plant diversity has important theoretical and practical implications for maintaining and enhancing rural biodiversity. Here, we identified the species composition and community types of plant species and explored the effects of natural and human activities in Changkou Village, an ecologically protected rural village in western Fujian Province. We found that a total of 578 plant species, belonging to 130 families and 378 genera, including 396 wild plant species and 53 agricultural cultivated species, exhibiting high plant diversity. There are 17 species of invasive plants that have not yet posed a threat to the rural biodiversity. The flora of seed plants in this rural area is complex, with 14 distribution types of genera, including 188 tropical genera and showed a transitional feature from tropical to temperate zones. There were 106 plant vegetation alliances, including 52 natural vegetation alliances, 25 agricultural vegetation alliances, and 29 green space vegetation alliances, which are representative of this subtropical region. The natural and semi-natural vegetation is mainly composed of different natural and semi-natural forests such as Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance and Pinus massoniana + Castanopsis fargesii Forest Alliance, while the agricultural and green space vegetation areas are very small. The green space vegetation is mainly composed of Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans, and species composition was mainly common greenspace tree species in subtropical rural areas. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the differences in species composition in different rural areas and the differences in comprehensive environmental factors among them. Specifically, the species composition of natural vegetations was mainly driven by natural factors, while the species composition differences of green space vegetation significantly increased with anthropogenic factors such as distance from roads and residential areas. Overall, these results have indicated that ecologically protected rural areas are important reserves for plant diversity and have important maintenance value. The composition of plant species and vegetation alliance in different vegetation categories in rural areas are completely different, and altitude plays a key role. We highlighted the necessity of incorporating ecological conservation oriented rural areas into biodiversity conservation management, emphasized various maintenance and improvement strategies such as zoning management of rural plant diversity and building habitat networks, and provided useful references for promoting plant diversity in the process of rural revitalization in other regions of China. |
| Keyword: Rural landscape Species composition Plant community Plant diversity Ecological protection village |