| 摘要: 外来入侵植物严重威胁着乡村地区植物多样性并削弱了其生态系统服务功能, 成为乡村振兴和美丽乡村建设中亟待解决的突出问题。本研究选择江南休闲旅游型乡村牌坊社区, 基于127个样地调查数据,定量探究了外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花入侵特征及其影响因素。结果发现: (1)加拿大一枝黄花的高度分布呈正态分布, 盖度呈明显正偏态分布, 其在乡村区域呈现出多点散状分布模式, 局部形成单优群落, 存在进一步扩散的趋势。(2)加拿大一枝黄花高度和盖度受到不同因素的制约, 其高度仅与群落中本地植物的数量和盖度表现出显著负相关, 其中本地植物数量相对作用最大; 其盖度随着距农田距离、本地植物的高度和盖度的增加而呈现减小趋势;本地植物数量和盖度的交互作用显著抑制了加拿大一枝黄花的盖度,本地植物盖度对加拿大一枝黄花盖度的抑制作用随着群落中本地植物物种数目增加而增强。本研究发现本地植物的群落属性在抑制加拿大一枝黄花入侵乡村中起着关键作用, 拓宽了外来植物在乡村景观入侵机制的理解, 强调了发展休闲旅游迫切需要将外来入侵植物的监测防控纳入乡村生态景观规划中, 为乡村外来入侵植物综合防治提供了科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 入侵植物 乡村景观 本地植物 入侵程度 生物多样性 乡村生态规划 |
| 中图分类号:Q948 |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| Invasion characteristics and influencing factors of Solidago canadensis in leisure tourism villages in the south of the Yangtze River |
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Ge Jielin1, Xiong Gaoming1, Mao Jiangtao1, Xu Wenting1, Qin Xiaoqiong2, Xie Zongqiang1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Qiyue Mountain Forest Farm, Fengdu County, Chongqing
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| Abstract: Invasive plants have posed a serious threat to plant diversity in rural areas, weakened their ecosystem service functions, and became a prominent issue that urgently needs to be addressed in rural revitalization and beautiful rural construction. In this study, based on the survey data of 127 sampling plots of invaded community, we aimed to explore the invasion degree and influencing factors of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis in a leisure-tourism village in the south of the Yangtze River. We found that mean height of Solidago canadensis showed a normal distribution, while its coverage displayed a significantly positive-skewed distribution. In rural areas, it displayed a multi-point scattered distribution pattern, forming a single optimal community locally, and they exhibited a trend of further potential dispersal. We also found that the height and coverage of Solidago canadensis were differentially affected by various factors in the rural environments. Specifically, we detected that the height of Solidago canadensis was only negatively correlated with species number and coverage characteristics of local native plant species in the community, in which native plant species number played a more important role. In contrast, the coverage of Solidago canadensis showed a decreasing trend with increasing distance from the farmland, and height and coverage of local native species. The interactive impact of local plant species number and coverage on the coverage of Solidago canadensis is not significantly regulated by the distance from farmland. Moreover, the interaction between local native species number and coverage significantly suppressed the coverage of Solidago canadensis, and the inhibitory effect of local plant coverage on the coverage of Solidago canadensis increased with the increase in the number of local native plant species in the rural community. In conclusion, these results highlight that the leisure-tourism-type villages have become a severely affected area for the invasion and spread of Solidago canadensis. This study also identifies the fundamental role of multiple community attributes of local native plant species in resisting invasiveness of the single alien plant species and broadens our current understanding of the invasion mechanism of the single invasive plants in rural landscapes. Therefore, our results stress the urgent need to incorporate monitoring and prevention of invasive plant species into rural ecological landscape planning for the development of leisure tourism in future, and thus provide a solid scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of invasive plants in different rural areas and maintaining rural biodiversity during the construction of beautiful rural areas. |
| Keyword: Invasive Plant Rural Landscape Native Plant Invasion Degree Biodiversity Rural Ecological Planning and Design |