| 摘要: 景观空间形态影响下的乡村植物多样性分析, 对于高质量提升乡村人居环境、稳定维持乡村生态系统及其生物多样性具有重要意义。遴选江苏省南京市江宁区14个村落作为试验样区, 采用逐步回归、NMDS-Envfit等模型, 探讨了长三角乡村地区多维度景观空间形态指标对植物α多样性、β多样性的影响。结果表明: 1) 针对植物α多样性, 在乔木层, 半自然斑块面积比例、半自然斑块动态度、凝聚度与Shannon-Wiener指数(H)正相关，综合土地利用动态度与Pielou指数(J)正相关，斑块面积、斑块欧式最邻近距离、半自然斑块连通性对各多样性指数均表现为负相关; 在灌木层, 斑块面积、斑块欧式最邻近距离与Shannon-Wiener指数(H)正相关, 凝聚度、地表粗糙度与Pielou均匀度指数(J)正相关, 道路密度、斑块密度、综合土地利用动态度与Shannon-Wiener指数(H)为负相关, 平均形状指数对Pielou指数(J)负相关，半自然斑块面积比例对不同多样性指数影响存在差异; 在草本层, 地势起伏度、干扰度是Shannon-Wiener指数(H)最主要的正向影响因素, 凝聚度、斑块密度是Pielou指数(J)最主要的正向影响因素, 道路距离、斑块面积、斑块欧式最邻近距离对各多样性指数均表现为负相关, 连通性对不同多样性指数影响存在差异。 2) 针对植物β多样性, 在乔木层, 地表粗糙度、半自然斑块面积比例等为最主要影响因素; 在灌木层, 地表粗糙度、香农多样性指数为最主要的影响因素; 在草本层, 斑块面积、乡村道路密度为最主要的影响因素。3) 基于景观生态学的二维景观指标、三维地表度量指标对植物多样性影响最为显著, 四维景观历史动态对植物多样性影响微弱, 基于城市空间形态学的二维景观指标对植物多样性影响相对最弱。最后根据以上结果, 提出有效增加半自然生境面积比例和景观异质性、全面提升乡村景观凝聚度、科学维护乡村高价值林地景观、充分重视乡村历史土地利用等景观响应策略, 为乡村景观营建过程中的生物多样性维持提供参考, 并对长三角地区乡村空间规划提供了有益的量化引导。 |
| 关键词: 乡村景观 植物多样性 景观空间形态指标 景观尺度 斑块尺度 |
| 中图分类号:Q948; TU982.29 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2019YFD11004032） |
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| Effects of rural landscape spatial morphology on plant diversity in the Yangtze River Delta region |
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CHEN Siqi,PAN Kaichen,XU Shuyao,ZHANG Yujun
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1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University;2.School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University
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| Abstract: Abstract: The analysis of rural plant diversity under the influence of landscape spatial morphology is of great significance for high-quality improvement of rural living environment and stable maintenance of rural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Fourteen villages in Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province were selected as experimental areas, and models such as stepwise regression and NMDS-Envfit were used to explore the impact of rural landscape spatial indicators on the α diversity and β diversity of rural plants in the Yangtze River Delta region. Among them, landscape indicators include two-dimensional plane form, three-dimensional surface features, and four-dimensional historical dynamics. The research conclusions can be summarized in the following aspects:1) Rural landscape spatial morphological indicators have an impact on plant α diversity. In the arborous layer, the percentage of the landscape area covered with semi-natural patches, the dynamic degree of semi-natural patches, and the cohesion are positively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener index (H), and the comprehensive land use dynamic degree is positively correlated with the Pielou index (J); Patch area, patch Euclidean nearest neighbor distance, and semi-natural patch connectivity all showed negative correlations with each diversity index. In the shrub layer, patch area, patch Euclidean nearest neighbor distance and Shannon-Wiener index (H) were positively correlated; Condensation and surface roughness are positively related to Pielou evenness index (J); Road density, patch density, and comprehensive land use dynamics are negatively correlated with the Shannon-Wiener index (H), and the average shape index is negatively correlated with the Pielou index (J); The percentage of the landscape area covered with semi-natural patches has different effects on different diversity indices. In the herbaceous layer, terrain relief and interference are the most important positive factors affecting the Shannon-Wiener index (H), and cohesion and patch density are the most important positive factors affecting the Pielou index (J); Road distance, patch area, and patch Euclidean nearest neighbor distance all showed negative correlations with each diversity index, and connectivity had different effects on different diversity indices. 2) Rural landscape spatial morphological indicators have an impact on plant beta diversity. Specifically, in the arborous layer, surface roughness and the percentage of the landscape area covered with semi-natural patches are the most important influencing factors. In the shrub layer, surface roughness and Shannon diversity index are the most important influencing factors. In the herbaceous layer, patch area and rural road density are the most important influencing factors. 3) Taking into account the significance of landscape indicators, it can be considered that landscape ecological indicators and landscape three-dimensional surface characteristics have the most significant impact on plant diversity. The main manifestations are the positive correlation between the proportion of semi-natural patch area, patch area, cohesion degree and surface roughness on plant diversity. The historical dynamics of the four-dimensional landscape have a weak impact on plant diversity, mainly manifesting as a positive correlation with the dynamic degree of semi-natural patches. Two-dimensional landscape indicators based on urban spatial morphology have the relatively weakest impact on plant diversity, mainly manifesting in the negative effects of rural spatial accessibility and road density on plant diversity. Finally, based on the above results, landscape response strategies are proposed to provide guidance for the rural landscape construction process, such as effectively increasing the proportion of semi-natural habitat area and landscape heterogeneity, comprehensively improving rural landscape cohesion, scientifically maintaining rural high-value woodland landscape, and fully paying attention to rural historical land use. The research could provide a reference for the maintenance of biodiversity in the process of rural landscape construction and provides useful quantitative guidance for rural spatial planning in the Yangtze River Delta region. |
| Keyword: Rural landscape Plant diversity Spatial morphology indicators Landscape scale Patch scale |