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| 生态旅游型乡村的乡土景观植物遗传多样性 |
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冯致1,2, 姚志1,2, 孙全1,2, 李萌1,2, 吴秀忠3, 陈大华3, 蒋龙3, 范开放1,2, 唐建路1,2, 李锴1,2, 米小琴4, 于咏4, 王义强1,2
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1.中南林业科技大学林业生物技术湖南省重点实验室;2.岳麓山实验室碳汇林品种创制中心;3.湖南省湘西自治州林业局;4.湖南省湘西自治州森林生态实验站
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| 摘要: 乡村景观植物是生态旅游型乡村营建中的关键因素, 研究乡村景观植物遗传多样性, 揭示其群体内遗传变异的丰富度和遗传结构的稳定性, 为乡村生态景观营建和生物多样性维护提供重要理论依据, 对美丽乡村建设具有重要意义。本文以两个生态旅游型乡村为研究对象, 选取了8个乡土景观物种, 采集了整体村域的植物样品, 对表型性状进行了测量并开展了ISSR-PCR试验: 通过表型性状和分子标记遗传多样性检测分析, 计算植物表型Shannon指数和Nei’s基因多样性指数等, 揭示乡土景观植物在不同区域的遗传多样性水平。研究结果表明: 基于表型性状聚类分析划分出5类枫香、6类福建青冈、4类青冈、16类榉树、7类香椿、10类马兰、5类野菊和6类蓬蘽的品系资源。8个乡土景观植物的表型变异系数（CV ）为0.23~0.52和Shannon指数为4.65~6.74。8种植物在整体村域、人工区域和自然区域的Nei’s遗传多样性水平分别为0.240~0.536、0.244~0.540和0.193~0.329, 多态性位点百分率范围45.00%~100.00%, 等位基因数范围1.45~2.00, 有效等位基因数范围1.30~1.64。讨论分析表明, 8个乡土景观植物的表型(Shannon指数)和分子(Nei’s指数)遗传多样性水平高于多种景观植物的平均水平 , 遗传变异丰富; 部分乡土植物总体遗传多样性高, 但自然区域和人工区域的遗传多样性水平有所差异。在乡村景观建设中应关注乡土景观植物群体的遗传多样性水平的变化, 采取相应措施提高群体的遗传多态性和基因分布均匀度, 维护乡土景观植物的遗传多样性水平, 保证乡村生态景观的稳定性和长效性。 |
| 关键词: 生态旅游型乡村 乡土景观植物 遗传多样性 表型Shannon指数 Nei’s基因多样性指数 |
| 中图分类号:Q14；S7 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（32171842）； “十三五”国家重点研发项目子课题（2019YFD11004031）；中南林业科技大学创新课题（90102-63223068） |
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| Genetic diversity of ecotourism rural landscape plants |
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fengzhi1,2, yaozhi1,2, sunquan1,2, limeng1,2, wuxiuzhong3, chendahua3, jianglong3, fankaifang1,2, tangjianlu1,2, likai1,2, mixiaoqin4, yuyong4, wangyiqiang1,2
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1.Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology;2.Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center;3.Hunan Xiangxi autonomous prefecture forestry Bureau;4.Xiangxi autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province forest ecological experimental station
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| Abstract: The incorporation of rural landscape plants plays a pivotal role in the development and establishment of ecotourism villages. Through the study of genetic diversity in rural landscape plants, the richness of genetic variation and the stability of genetic structure within a population is revealed. This result will serve as an important theoretical foundation for the construction of rural ecological landscape and biodiversity maintenance, and is of great significance for the construction of beautiful villages. In this study, eight native landscape species were selected from two ecotourism villages (Changkou Village, Jiangle County, Fujian Province, and Paifang Community, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). Samples of native rural landscape plants were gathered from the total area of village,. wherein phenotypic characteristics were measured, andISSR-PCR experiments were carried out. Through the analysis of phenotypic features and the detection of molecular markers, the Shannon index and Nei"s genetic diversity index were calculated to elucidate the levels of genetic diversity among native landscape plants in different regions. (total area, artificial area and natural area). The findings of the study indicate that the clustering analysis, which was performed using phenotypic features, resulted in the identification of r five types of Liquidambar formosana Hance strains, six types of Cyclobalanopsis chungii F. P. Metcalf. strain resources, four types of Quercus glauca Thunb strain resources, sixteen types of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino strains, seven types of Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem strain resources, ten types of Aster indicus L. strain resources, five types of Chrysanthemum indicum L. strains, and six types of Rubus hirsutus Thunb strains.The phenotypic coefficient variation (CV) and Shannon index of eight plants ranged from 0.23 to 0.52, andfrom 4.65 to 6.74, respectively. In the total area, artificial area, and natural area, the Nei’s genetic diversity levels of the eight species were found to range from 0.240 to 0.5536, 0.244 to0.540, and 0.193 to 0.329, respectively. In eight plants, the PPLs varied from 45.0% to 100.0%, the Na’s varied from 1.45 to 2.00, and the Ne’s varied from 1.30 to 1.64. The discussion revealed that the phenotypic (Shannon index) and molecular (Nei"s index) genetic diversity levels of eight native landscape plants were found to be higher than the average diversity level in numerous other landscape plants. Additionally, it was observed that rural landscape plants exhibited the abundant genetic variation. The genetic diversity of certain rural landscape plants exhibits a notable degree of variability, yet with significant difference in the levels of genetic diversity observed between natural area and artificially area. In the context of rural landscape construction, it is important to prioritise the assessment of genetic diversity in rural landscape plant’s population. Appropriate measures should be implemented to enhance the even distribution of genetic polymorphism within the population and to preserve the genetic diversity level of native landscape plants. This approach is essential for ensuring the long-term stability of rural ecological landscapes. |
| Keyword: Ecotourism village Rural landscape plants Genetic diversity Phenotypic Shannon index Nei’s genetic diversity index |
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