| 摘要: 胁迫是制约植物生长发育的重要环境因素, 植物应对不同胁迫的反应是复杂多样的。在面临生物胁迫和非生物胁迫时, 植物主要通过重新分配调整一系列的转录调控网络以及代谢网络来维持平衡, 以致在转录及代谢水平上都会发生变化。随着组学技术的发展, 转录组学和代谢组学作为新兴学科被广泛应用于植物抗逆相关研究中, 进而从转录和代谢水平上揭示植物响应逆境胁迫的机制。植物生长过程中面临的多种胁迫, 其中干旱和虫害尤为严重, 给我国农业生产造成巨大损失。本文针对植物在干旱、植食性昆虫以及双重胁迫下的转录和代谢调控机制相关研究进行了综述, 发现在干旱胁迫下植物通过调控合成脱落酸、脯氨酸以及光合作用中间体相关基因表达及其代谢物合成来抵御胁迫; 在植食性昆虫胁迫下植物通过调控茉莉酸、水杨酸以及黄酮类等物质相关基因的表达及其代谢物合成进行响应; 在双重胁迫下植物通过调控激素相互作用以及一些次生代谢物的产生来影响干旱胁迫下植物的抗虫性。通过探讨植物在逆境胁迫下转录和代谢差异及其关键调控因子的变化, 可以为培育耐受逆境胁迫的品种, 提高农作物产量提供理论依据和参考。 |
| 关键词: 干旱 植食性昆虫 植物激素 次级代谢物 生长权衡 |
| 中图分类号:Q943、Q945 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发青年科学家项目(2021YFD1900200),中国科院科技服务网络(STS)计划(KFJ-STS-QYZD-160),国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302801),中国科学院百人计划项目 |
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| Advances in transcriptomics and metabolomics-based exploration of plant responses to drought and herbivorous insects |
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FENG Zhen1, ZHENG Chunyan1, Bo Yukun2, LI Yehua3, ZHU Feng1
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1.Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources/ Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources / Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuan;3.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: Stress, as an important environmental factor, restricts plant growth and development, and plant responses and adaptations to different stresses are complex and diverse. Under biotic and abiotic stresses, plants maintain homeostasis mainly by reallocating and adjusting a series of transcriptional regulatory networks as well as metabolic networks, resulting in changes at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. With the development of omics techniques, transcriptomics and metabolomics are widely used as emerging disciplines in studying plant adaptations to various stresses, which can aid in unravelling the molecular mechanisms of plant response to stresses at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Drought and insect pests are particularly severe among a variety of stresses that plants face, causing significant losses to the agricultural production. In this review, we summarize the transcriptional and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of plants under single stress of drought or insect herbivory, and dual stresses. Plants respond to drought stress by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis of abscisic acid, proline, and photosynthetic intermediates and their metabolites. Moreover, plants respond to the attack of phytophagous insects by regulating the expression of genes participating in the synthesis of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, flavonoids and their metabolite Under dual stresses, plants regulate hormone interactions and the production of secondary metabolites to reinforce the resistance against herbivory under the drought stress. Exploring the transcriptional and metabolic differences and their key regulatory factors in plants adaptations to adversity stress can provide a theoretical basis and reference for breeding varieties with tolerance to adversity stress and improved crop yield. |
| Keyword: Drought Herbivorous insects Phytohormone Secondary metabolites Growth-defense trade-offs |