| 摘要: 作物生产中有效利用能源是可持续农业的一个重要目标。中国作为油料生产和消费大国, 在其生产过程中, 减少过度无效能源消耗, 优化能源利用结构, 提高能源利用效率, 对于农民节本增收、降低温室气体排放和环境影响具有重要意义。本文基于生命周期分析(LCA)视角, 采用生命周期评价和数据包络分析(DEA)方法, 对油菜、大豆、花生3种油料作物能源利用效率和温室气体排放进行了测算, 分析不同省份能源高效和低效利用的原因, 探究了各省能源节约和CO2减排的可能性与潜力。结果表明: 1) 3种油料作物生产系统单位能量消耗的产出能力相差不大, 但能源利用效率差异明显, 呈现花生>油菜>大豆的特点。2) 3种油料作物中, 花生CO2排放量最高[874.96 kg(CO2 eq)?hm?2], 其次为油菜[660.16 kg(CO2eq)?hm?2]和大豆[507.07 kg(CO2eq)?hm?2]; 不同油料作物物质投入和农事操作CO2排放贡献差异明显, 油菜与花生种植主要CO2排放源为化肥, 而大豆种植过程中化肥、柴油、灌溉CO2排放贡献相对比较均衡。3)油料作物能源利用优化和CO2减排潜力较大, 油菜、大豆、花生低效省份能源利用优化后, 分别可节约11.97%、16.38%、15.89%的资源, 实现20.60~616.32 kg?hm?2的CO2减排。因此, 根据区域实际情况, 优化能源低效利用地区的能源利用结构, 探寻产量与碳排双优的生产模式, 对推动油料种植节本增收与绿色发展将发挥重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 油料作物 能源利用效率 CO2排放 生命周期评价模型 数据包络分析模型 |
| 中图分类号:F323.2；S565 |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2021XC17)、天津市哲学社会科学研究规划项目(TJGL21-030)和中国农业科学院创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2023-AII） |
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| Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of oilseed crops in China* |
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CHEN Li1, LIU Juan1, WANG Mo1, LI Mu2
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1.Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.School of Public Management,Tianjin Commercial University
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| Abstract: Energy is a major component in enhancing agricultural productivity. Accounting for energy efficiency at the production stage of crop production is essential for achieving sustainable agriculture. Due to the high level of production and consumption of oil in China, it is of great importance to pay attention to energy consumption and its negatively environmental impact in the oil production process. Means of optimizing energy utilization structure, reducing excessive and ineffective energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency can be used, in order to increase income, save cost and reduce greenhouse gas emissions synthetically. Academically, a large number of previous studies have contributed to energy use and environmental impacts in the production of oil crops, fruits and vegetables, and food crops on various scales. However, there is a lack of studies related to energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in oil production which concentrate in major oil crops production areas nationally so far. Generally, in terms of models used in relevant study areas, methods including life cycle assessment (LCA), data envelopment analysis (DEA), process analysis (PA), energy analysis have been used commonly, which provide valuable references to this paper. Given that oil crops production is inherently a life process, this paper combined LCA+DEA methods to estimate the energy utilization efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of oil crops, which helped to rank efficient and inefficient provincial production units. In further, the underlying reasons which caused inefficient energy use were deeply identified in different provinces. Additionally, for purpose of practical application, this paper explored the possibility and potential of energy saving and CO2 emission reduction in each province. The results showed as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in the output capacity per unit energy consumption among the three studied oil crop systems. However, the energy use efficiency of three oil crops displayed remarkably differently, which showed peanut > oilseed rape > soybean. 2) Among the three oil crops, peanut had the highest CO2 emission [874.96 kg(CO2eq)?hm?2], followed by oilseed rape [660.16 kg(CO2eq)?hm?2] and soybean [507.07 kg(CO2eq)?hm?2]. In addition, the contributions of substantiality inputs and agricultural operations to CO2 emissions varied greatly from different oil crops. Specifically, the significant CO2 emission source of oilseed rape and peanut belonged to fertilizer. Nevertheless, fertilizer, diesel and irrigation contributed nearly equally to the CO2 emissions of soybean. 3) There was great potential for energy utilization optimization and CO2 emission reduction. Estimations resulted from this study displayed that about 11.97%, 16.38% and 15.89% of resources invested to oilseed rape, soybean and peanut in inefficient provinces could be saved respectively, which were capable of reducing 20.60?616.32 kg?hm?2 CO2 emissions as well. Therefore, it is necessary for different regions to optimize the energy utilization structure of low efficiency areas according to the actual situation, and explore the production mode of double optimal yield and carbon emission. This will play an important role in saving money and increasing income for regional oil cultivation, as well as green development. |
| Keyword: Oil crops Energy use efficiency CO2 emission LCA model DEA model |